This survey was carried out January 23–29, 2020 with a representative sample of all Russian urban and rural residents. The sample comprised 1603 people age 18 or older from 137 localities in 50 regions of the Russian Federation. The survey was conducted as a personal interview in respondents’ homes. The answer distribution is presented as percentages of the number of participants along with data from previous surveys.
The statistical error of these studies for a selection of 1600 people (with a probability of 0.95) does not exceed:
3.4% for indicators around 50%
2.9% for indicators around 25%/75%
2.0% for indicators around 10%/90%
1.5% for indicators around 5%/95%
The results of public opinion research demonstrating Ukrainian residents’ attitudes toward Russians are from the Kiev International Institute of Sociology (KIIS). Surveys are usually carried out in the same month, but sometimes there is a 1-2 month difference between the fieldwork done in both countries, as was the case this time: The Levada-Center presented its questions on January 2020, while KIIS gave them earlier in December 2019.
IN GENERAL, WHAT IS YOUR CURRENT ATTITUDE TOWARD UKRAINE? (opinions of Russian residents — data from the Levada Center)
| Very positive | Generally positive | Generally negative | Very negative | It is difficult to say | |
| Jan. 20 | 6 | 36 | 27 | 20 | 11 |
| Sep. 19 | 9 | 47 | 19 | 12 | 13 |
| Feb. 19 | 4 | 30 | 30 | 25 | 10 |
| Nov. 18 | 3 | 25 | 31 | 29 | 11 |
| Sep. 18 | 3 | 30 | 32 | 23 | 12 |
| Jul. 18 | 4 | 33 | 29 | 20 | 15 |
| Mar. 18 | 2 | 31 | 35 | 20 | 12 |
| Jan. 18 | 3 | 32 | 34 | 13 | 18 |
| Dec. 17 | 2 | 26 | 39 | 17 | 17 |
| Sep. 17 | 3 | 29 | 33 | 20 | 15 |
| May 17 | 2 | 24 | 39 | 20 | 15 |
| Mar. 17 | 3 | 31 | 36 | 20 | 11 |
| Jan. 17 | 2 | 31 | 39 | 15 | 13 |
| Nov. 16 | 3 | 30 | 35 | 16 | 16 |
| Sep. 16 | 2 | 24 | 38 | 18 | 17 |
| Jul. 16 | 2 | 29 | 36 | 22 | 11 |
| Jun. 16 | 4 | 37 | 33 | 11 | 16 |
| May 27-30, 2016 | 4 | 35 | 37 | 10 | 13 |
| May 22-25, 2016 | 2 | 24 | 45 | 18 | 12 |
| Mar. 16 | 2 | 23 | 42 | 22 | 11 |
| Jan. 16 | 2 | 26 | 37 | 22 | 14 |
| Nov. 15 | 2 | 25 | 42 | 21 | 10 |
| Sep. 15 | 4 | 29 | 36 | 20 | 11 |
| May. 15 | 3 | 23 | 36 | 23 | 14 |
| Mar. 15 | 3 | 28 | 34 | 21 | 13 |
| Nov. 14 | 3 | 25 | 40 | 19 | 12 |
| Sep. 14 | 3 | 29 | 39 | 16 | 13 |
| May 14 | 5 | 30 | 33 | 16 | 17 |
| Mar. 14 | 6 | 46 | 28 | 9 | 11 |
| Sep. 13 | 7 | 62 | 20 | 3 | 8 |
| Mar. 13 | 8 | 61 | 19 | 3 | 9 |
| Sep. 12 | 8 | 66 | 14 | 3 | 10 |
GENERALLY, WHAT IS YOUR CURRENT ATTITUDE TOWARD RUSSIA? (opinions of Ukrainian residents — data from KIIS)
| Very positive | Generally positive | Generally negative | Very negative | It is difficult to say | |
| Dec. 19 | 14 | 35 | 20 | 19 | 12 |
| Sep. 19 | 16 | 38 | 19 | 16 | 12 |
| Feb. 19 | 15 | 42 | 15 | 12 | 17 |
| Sep. 18 | 10 | 38 | 19 | 13 | 19 |
| Feb. 18 | 6 | 39 | 24 | 14 | 18 |
| Dec. 17 | 6 | 36 | 24 | 16 | 19 |
| Sep. 17 | 7 | 30 | 24 | 22 | 17 |
| May 17 | 5 | 38 | 22 | 15 | 19 |
| Feb. 17 | 8 | 32 | 25 | 21 | 15 |
| Sep. 16 | 7 | 33 | 26 | 20 | 15 |
| May 16 | 9 | 33 | 29 | 14 | 15 |
| Feb. 16 | 9 | 27 | 28 | 19 | 16 |
| Sep. 15 | 9 | 25 | 22 | 31 | 13 |
| May. 15 | 5 | 25 | 25 | 32 | 14 |
| Feb. 15 | 7 | 27 | 24 | 27 | 15 |
| Dec. 14 | 7 | 29 | 26 | 22 | 16 |
| Sep. 14 | 14 | 34 | 23 | 19 | 11 |
| Apr. 14 | 17 | 35 | 19 | 19 | 10 |
| Feb. 14 | 27 | 51 | 11 | 2 | 9 |
| Sep. 13 | 34 | 54 | 7 | 2 | 4 |
| Feb. 13 | 32 | 53 | 6 | 1 | 6 |
| Sep. 12 | 34 | 49 | 8 | 3 | 6 |
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING OPINIONS CONCERNING RUSSIA’S RELATIONSHIP WITH UKRAINE DO YOU AGREE WITH MOST? (opinions of Russian residents — data from the Levada Center)
| Russia’s relationship with Ukraine should be the same as with other countries; they should have closed borders, visas, and customs | Russia and Ukraine should be independent yet friendly nations; they should have open borders and not have visas or customs | Russia and Ukraine must unite into one country | It is difficult to say | |
| Jan. 20 | 26 | 56 | 15 | 3 |
| Sep. 19 | 23 | 54 | 19 | 4 |
| Feb. 19 | 25 | 52 | 17 | 6 |
| Sep. 18 | 32 | 45 | 16 | 6 |
| Mar. 18 | 39 | 45 | 10 | 5 |
| Dec. 17 | 33 | 49 | 10 | 8 |
| Sep. 17 | 34 | 49 | 11 | 6 |
| May 17 | 35 | 50 | 9 | 5 |
| Jan. 17 | 33 | 53 | 9 | 5 |
| Sep. 16 | 39 | 48 | 8 | 6 |
| May 16 | 36 | 53 | 7 | 4 |
| Jan. 16 | 32 | 52 | 11 | 5 |
| Sep. 15 | 25 | 59 | 8 | 7 |
| May 16 | 30 | 54 | 10 | 6 |
| Jan. 15 | 33 | 52 | 8 | 8 |
| Sep. 14 | 26 | 62 | 7 | 5 |
| May 14 | 28 | 54 | 12 | 6 |
| Mar. 14 | 16 | 50 | 28 | 7 |
| Jan. 14 | 19 | 59 | 16 | 6 |
| Oct. 13 | 23 | 55 | 16 | 6 |
| May 13 | 19 | 58 | 15 | 8 |
| Jan. 13 | 13 | 64 | 18 | 6 |
| Sep. 12 | 14 | 60 | 20 | 6 |
| May 12 | 17 | 62 | 14 | 7 |
| Jan. 12 | 16 | 61 | 16 | 8 |
| Sep. 11 | 16 | 63 | 14 | 6 |
| May 11 | 16 | 64 | 15 | 5 |
| Jan. 11 | 20 | 61 | 13 | 6 |
| Sep. 10 | 16 | 60 | 18 | 6 |
| May 10 | 17 | 64 | 13 | 6 |
| Jan. 10 | 25 | 55 | 14 | 6 |
| Sep. 09 | 25 | 55 | 13 | 7 |
| May 09 | 25 | 55 | 14 | 6 |
| Jan. 09 | 29 | 51 | 12 | 8 |
| Sep. 08 | 24 | 52 | 13 | 11 |
| Mar. 08 | 19 | 56 | 19 | 6 |
WHAT KIND OF RELATIONSHIP WOULD YOU LIKE UKRAINE TO HAVE WITH RUSSIA? (opinions of Ukrainian residents — data from KIIS)
| Russia’s relationship with Ukraine should be the same as with other countries; they should have closed borders, visas, and customs | Russia and Ukraine should be independent yet friendly nations; they should have open borders and not have visas or customs | Russia and Ukraine must unite into one country | It is difficult to say | |
| Dec.19 | 40 | 48 | 5 | 7 |
| Sep. 19 | 41 | 49 | 3 | 7 |
| Feb. 19 | 39 | 48 | 4 | 9 |
| Sep. 18 | 39 | 50 | 4 | 8 |
| Feb. 18 | 44 | 44 | 3 | 9 |
| Dec. 17 | 45 | 40 | 4 | 11 |
| Sep. 17 | 49 | 40 | 4 | 8 |
| May 17 | 43 | 47 | 4 | 6 |
| Feb. 17 | 47 | 43 | 2 | 7 |
| Sep. 16 | 49 | 43 | 3 | 6 |
| May 16 | 44 | 44 | 3 | 9 |
| Feb. 16 | 43 | 43 | 4 | 11 |
| Sep. 15 | 46 | 45 | 2 | 7 |
| May. 15 | 45 | 46 | 2 | 7 |
| Feb. 15 | 48 | 43 | 4 | 6 |
| Dec. 14 | 50 | 42 | 3 | 5 |
| Sep. 14 | 45 | 44 | 5 | 6 |
| Apr. 14 | 32 | 54 | 8 | 5 |
| Feb. 14 | 15 | 68 | 12 | 5 |
| Nov. 13 | 12 | 73 | 9 | 6 |
| May 13 | 11 | 69 | 14 | 5 |
| Feb. 13 | 13 | 68 | 16 | 3 |
| Sep. 12 | 11 | 72 | 14 | 3 |
| Feb. 12 | 13 | 69 | 16 | 2 |
| Nov. 11 | 13 | 67 | 16 | 2 |
| Oct. 10 | 10 | 67 | 20 | 2 |
| Jun. 10 | 12 | 70 | 16 | 2 |
| Mar.10 | 11 | 67 | 19 | 3 |
| Jan. 10 | 8 | 66 | 22 | 4 |
| Oct. 09 | 11 | 67 | 19 | 3 |
| May 09 | 10 | 65 | 23 | 2 |
| Feb. 09 | 8 | 68 | 23 | 1 |
| Sep. 08 | 17 | 66 | 16 | 2 |
| Apr. 08 | 10 | 67 | 20 | 3 |
Translated by Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey (formerly Monterey Institute of International Studies).
The ANO Levada Center has been included in the registry of non-commercial organizations acting as foreign agents. Read the Director of the Levada Center’s statement of disagreement with this decision here [1].