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The October 1993 Constitutional Crisis

This survey took place between 23-26 September 2016 and was conducted throughout all of Russia in both urban and rural settings. The survey was carried out among 800 people over the age of 18 in 137 localities of 48 of the country’s regions.  The survey was conducted as a personal interview in respondents’ homes. The answer distribution is presented as percentages of the number of participants along with data from previous surveys.

The statistical error of these studies for a selection of 800 people (with a probability of 0.95) does not exceed:

                4.1% for indicators around 50%

                3.6% for indicators around 25%/75%

                2.5% for indicators around 10%/90%

                1.8% for indicators around 5%/95%

MORE THAN 20 YEARS HAVE PASSED SINCE THE CONFRONTATION BETWEEN SUPPORTERS OF PRESIDENT YELTSIN AND THE SUPREME SOVIET OF RUSSIA (KHASBULATOV AND RUTSKOY) LED TO BLOODY CONFLICTS IN MOSCOW ON OCTOBER 3-4, 1993. WHAT, IN YOUR OPINION, WAS THE PRIMARY CAUSE OF THESE CONFLICTS? (respondents chose no more than two answers)

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97

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98

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99

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00

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01

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05

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16

Yeltsin and his circle’s irresponsible policies 24 31 32 34 31 32 29 32 32 28 23 24 18 20 19 24 22
The breakdown of the country in general, which began before the conflict between Yeltsin and the Supreme Soviet 37 31 25 24 35 36 31 33 35 35 32 32 29 29 30 30 20
Rutskoy and Khasbulatov’s desire to maintain power by any means 19 15 17 20 16 22 14 16 14 18 14 15 12 11 10 12 10
Communist and extremist forces’ willingness to overthrow the government 8 5 9 4 12 11 10 11 11 11 11 10 13 12 7 10 9
Yeltsin and the government’s indecisiveness in putting down unrest, started by Supreme Soviet supporters 11 8 8 11 9 8 7 9 9 9 7 6 6 5 6 8 8
The army and internal troops’ hesitation 5 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 5 3 3 6 5 6 5 4
The base instincts of the masses 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 5 3 3 3 3
Other 1 1 1 1 <1 1 1 1 <1 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1
It is difficult to say 17 23 28 27 27 15 23 16 21 19 25 25 31 31 31 27 36

 WHO, IN YOUR OPINION, WAS RIGHT?

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06

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Yeltsin supporters 9 8 9 9 7 7 7 7 6
Supreme Soviet supporters 10 11 11 10 10 8 11 11 12
Both, to some degree 20 16 19 19 22 17 18 16 17
Neither 39 38 28 34 30 35 35 36 32
It is difficult to say 22 27 32 28 32 32 29 30 33

DO YOU BELIEVE THE USE OF MILITARY FORCE TO GAIN CONTROL OF THE SITUATION WAS JUSTIFIED DURING THE UNREST OF OCTOBER 3-4, 1993?

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99

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Yes 18 22 20 21 17 19 26 17 15 17 15 16 15
No 56 59 57 58 60 61 49 60 55 54 58 62 54
It is difficult to say 25 18 24 20 23 21 25 23 30 29 27 22 31

Translated by Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey (formerly  Monterey Institute of International Studies).

The ANO Levada Center has been included in the register of non-commercial organizations acting as foreign agents. See the Director of the Levada Center’s statement of disagreement with this decision here.

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